Basic concepts of CNC machine tools
CNC machine tools Dual spindle centering machine【MR32-5Ⅱ】are automated machine tool controlled by computers and can perform precise processing according to preset programs. It is of great significance in modern manufacturing because it improves production efficiency and machining accuracy, reduces human intervention, and makes the production of complex parts more efficient and consistent.
Classification by process application
Metal cutting CNC machine tool
Metal cutting CNC machine tool are used to cut and process metal materials, mainly including turning, milling, drilling, grinding and other processes. These machines are widely used in industries such as automobiles, aerospace and machinery manufacturing, and are suitable for producing metal parts of various shapes and sizes13.
Special process CNC machine tool
Special process CNC machine tool are used to perform special processing processes such as EDM, laser cutting and water jet cutting. These machines can handle materials or shapes that are difficult to process by traditional methods, and are often used in mold manufacturing and processing of complex structural parts3.
Classification by controlled motion trajectory
Point-controlled CNC machine tools
Point-controlled CNC machine tool are mainly used for operations such as drilling and punching. Their characteristic is that they only need to control the tool to move from one point to another, without considering the intermediate path. This type of machine tool is suitable for processing tasks that require precise positioning, such as CNC drilling machines and punching machines15.
Linear control CNC machine tools
Linear control CNC machine tool can process along a straight path and are suitable for cutting simple contours. Commonly used in turning and milling operations, they can achieve precise dimensional control on a straight line13.
Contour control CNC machine tools
Contour control CNC machine tool can process along complex curves and are the most flexible type. Suitable for the manufacture of complex parts, such as molds and aviation parts, their control system can handle multi-axis linkage and achieve high-precision surface processing13.
Classification by drive device characteristics
Open-loop control CNC machine tool
Open-loop control systems do not have feedback devices and rely on preset programs to operate. They have a simple structure and low cost, but relatively low accuracy, and are suitable for occasions where precision requirements are not high13.
Closed-loop control CNC machine tool
Closed-loop control systems are equipped with feedback devices, which monitor and adjust operations in real time to ensure accuracy. They are suitable for processing scenarios with high precision requirements, such as aerospace and medical device manufacturing13.
Characteristics and application scenarios of various CNC machine tool
Different types of CNC machine tools have their own characteristics and applicable scenarios. Metal cutting is suitable for most metal processing needs, while special process is used for special materials or shapes. According to the motion trajectory classification, point, line and contour control are respectively adapted to processing tasks of different complexity. According to the characteristics of the drive device, the choice of open-loop or closed-loop system depends on the specific requirements for accuracy and cost.
