CNC machines are often mentioned when discussing modern manufacturing and machining. However there are many CNC machine options available: if your needs are modest, a basic machine will meet your needs. If you require advanced, high-end machine tools- a 9-axis CNC lathe may be the perfect solution. But what is a CNC lathe? When should you consider using one? Let’s take detailed learning.
What is a CNC machine?
A CNC machine (computer numerically controlled machine) is an automated tool used to precisely control the movement of tools and machinery during the manufacturing process. CNC machines use computer programming to perform repetitive tasks that ensure high-precision and consistent part production. They are commonly used in industries such as automotive, aerospace and medical device manufacturing.
Types of CNC Machines
CNC lathe machine: The workpiece is held and rotated by a spindle. A fixed cutting tool is mounted on a turret and moves linearly along the X (radial) and Z (axial) axes to remove material from a rotating workpiece. It is suitable for machining parts requiring rotational symmetry such as shafts and screws.
CNC Milling Machine: A multi-toothed tool (end mill) is clamped in the spindle and rotates at high speed. The workpiece is fixed to a table that moves in the X, Y, and Z directions that brings it into contact with the tool. It can mill flat surfaces, slots, contours, gears, and complex 3D shapes and also drill holes and tap threads.
CNC Machining Center: It functions like a CNC mill but can automatically switch tools from a tool magazine according to a program. This allows parts to be completed in a single setup that combines milling, drilling, boring and tapping operations without manual intervention.
CNC Router: Functions similarly to a CNC mill but is typically less rigid and features a high-speed spindle. It typically has a larger work area (gantry-style) for processing entire sheets of material.
CNC Plasma Cutter: A plasma torch creates an electrical path of superheated and ionized gas. This plasma melts the metal and the high-velocity gas jet blows the molten material away that creates a clean cut. This is why it’s often used in metal fabrication, automotive repair, industrial construction and artistic metalwork.
CNC EDM: A shaped electrode and workpiece are immersed in a dielectric fluid. A powerful electric spark is generated between them that vaporizes a small amount of material. This process is repeated thousands of times per second to shape the workpiece. It is used in injection molds, extrusion dies and parts made from hardened tool steel or carbide.
CNC Grinding Machine: A grinding wheel composed of abrasive grain rotates at high speed that removes minute amounts of material through contact with the workpiece. It can achieve very tight tolerances, fine surface finishes and process hardened materials that are difficult to cut with other tools.
Types of CNC Lathes
CNC lathes serve different purposes and offer distinct advantages over other CNC machines.
They rotate the material while the tool shapes it. The main types of CNC lathes include:
Two-axis CNC lathes: Basic lathes for simple turning operations.
Three-axis CNC lathes: These lathes offer additional capabilities that include cutting and drilling.
Multi-axis CNC lathes: These lathes have four, five or nine axes and can perform more complex operations that reduce the need for multiple setups.
CNC Milling Machines vs. CNC Lathes
| Type | CNC Milling Machine | CNC Lathe Machine |
| Core Principle | The cutting tool rotates. | The workpiece rotates. |
| Process | A rotating tool removes material from a stationary workpiece. The workpiece moves on a table beneath the tool. | The workpiece rotates, and a stationary cutting tool moves across it to make cuts. |
| Typical Operations | Making complex and detailed cuts in multiple directions. | Machining cylindrical parts or symmetrical shapes. |
| Suitable Shapes & Parts | A variety of non-circular shapes such as flat surfaces, grooves, holes and complex 3D curves. | Circular or axisymmetric parts like screws, shafts and vases. |
9-Axis CNC Lathe
A 9-axis CNC lathe is an advanced machine that can perform turning, milling and other operations in a single setup. With nine different axes of motion, it can perform complex tasks such as drilling, tapping and cutting with exceptional precision.
The WR20-9Ⅱ- Jianke Machinery’s newly produced CNC centering machine boasts 40%-60% higher machining efficiency than traditional Swiss-type lathes that can be operated in overlapping modes because it holds multiple tool tables and features a flexible and convenient drive head replacement mechanism.
Selection and Application
Define Your Needs
Before deciding on a 9-axis CNC lathe, it’s important to clearly define your production requirements. Are you manufacturing highly complex parts that require multiple operations in a single setup? If so, a 9-axis CNC lathe may be a good fit for your business. On the other hand, if your parts are less complex, a simpler machine may suffice.
Focus on Core Features and Brand
When selecting a 9-axis CNC lathe, consider the core features that are most important to your operation. Does the machine support the types of operations you need such as turning, milling, and drilling? Also consider the manufacturer’s brand and reputation. Well-known brands typically offer better reliability, customer service and support that are crucial to ensuring your machine runs smoothly.
Meeting Operational Challenges
While 9-axis CNC lathes offer exceptional versatility, they do require a certain level of operational knowledge. Proper operator training is essential to fully utilize the machine’s capabilities. Furthermore, regular maintenance and careful setup of these advanced machines can prevent costly errors. A thorough training and maintenance plan can help you maximize the value of your investment.
Learn More
Jianke Machinery offers a range of CNC machines for factories requiring high-precision and versatile machining capabilities. A 9-axis CNC lathe is an excellent investment because of performing multiple functions in a single setup that increase efficiency and reduce production time.
